Valine

## General Information (more on wikipidia)

Species Molecular Weight (g/mol) Density (g/L) Radius (m) Reference
Valine 117.15 1230 r [1]

Valine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2. L-Valine is one of 20 proteogenic amino acids. Its three letter code is Val, its one letter code is V, and its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar. Along with leucine and isoleucine, valine is a branched-chain amino acid. It is named after the plant valerian. In sickle-cell disease, valine substitutes for the hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Because valine is hydrophobic, the hemoglobin does not fold correctly.

As an essential amino acid, valine is not synthesized in animals, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins. It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid. The initial part of the pathway also leads to leucine. The intermediate α-ketovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate.

## Diffusion of in water:

• Alone at 25 degrees: $D = 830 \ \mu m^{2} s^{-1}$ [1]

## Diffusion of in PBS:

• $D = \ \mu m^{2} s^{-1}$

## Diffusion of in cellular matrix:

• $D = \ \mu m^{2} s^{-1}$
Bibliography
1. Cussler, E. L. 1984. Diffusion - mass transfer in fluid systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.